MOLECULAR-GENETIC ASPECTS OF RISK FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Molecular genetics, Gene variants, Epigenetics, Insulin resistance, Insulin secretion, Risk factors, Personalized medicineAbstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This study focuses on the molecular-genetic aspects of T2DM risk, examining key gene variants, epigenetic modifications, and their functional impacts on insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and glucose metabolism. Genes such as TCF7L2, PPARG, KCNJ11, SLC30A8, and FTO play significant roles in disease susceptibility, while epigenetic factors, including DNA methylation and microRNAs, further modulate gene expression. Understanding these molecular mechanisms provides valuable insights into early detection, risk stratification, and personalized therapeutic strategies. Integrating genetic and epigenetic information into clinical practice can enhance preventive measures, optimize treatment approaches, and improve patient outcomes.References
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