CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUNFLOWER PLANT, ITS IMPORTANCE IN AGRICULTURE AND ITS ROLE IN FOOD SECURITY
Keywords:
Asteraceae, basket formation, cotyledon, Helianthus annuus, Helianthus tuberosus, lateral oilseed, medicinal plant, phytoremediation, , phosphorus, ornamental plant.Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus lot.) Belongs to the family Asteraceae, the genus Helianthus contains 65 species and is a domesticated oil crop for about 3000 years. Sunflowers were first cultivated by indigenous peoples living in eastern North America. Europeans, who first immigrated to the Americas, began growing sunflowers in areas from southern Canada to Mexico and Spain. Sunflowers were first introduced to Europe via Spain, where they were easily adapted and even reached the Russian fields, where the climate was slightly colder in the late 1800s and achieved significant results in the cultivation of sunflowers by Russian farmers. To date, sunflower is used as an ornamental plant, medicinal, food, raw material, fodder, dyes for the textile industry, body dyeing, decorations, and so on. In addition, the sunflower is well known for its phytoremediation potential, its good tolerance to toxins, and at the same time its ability to effectively remove contaminated soil and water from harmful substances. Some scientists say that sunflower was cultivated before wheat. Its demand for moisture consumes 2,000-5,000 m3 or more of water per hectare. The transpiration coefficient changes to 400-700. Depending on the level of salinity, sunflower can be planted in the saline soils of Uzbekistan. Sunflower absorbs 25% of required nutrients after flowering. During the flowering period, it absorbs most of the nutrients. Absorbs the main part of from weeding to the time of basket formation; absorbs nitrogen - from basket formation to the end of the flowering period, and potassium - from basket formation to the ripening period.
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