VIRAL INFECTION: OF THE EVOLUTION AND BIOLOGY OF VIRUSES

Khakimova I.T.

Authors

Khakimova I.T. Department of Phthisiatry and Pulmonology, Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology Assistant Andijan State Medical Institute.

Keywords:

Viruses, RNA, COVID-19, vaccine, coronaviruses, epidemiology.

Abstract

Viruses are known to infect most organisms, including bacteria, blue-green algae, fungi, plants, insects, and vertebrates, but we attempt here to provide an overview of virology that emphasizes their potential as human disease agents. Because of the scope of virology, and because human viruses that cause disease, especially epidemic disease, are not uniformly distributed across virus families, the treatment is not intended to be comprehensive. Nevertheless, we feel that it is important that the human viruses be presented in the perspective of viruses as a whole so that some overall understanding of this fascinating group of agents can emerge. Thus, we consider many nonhuman viruses that are important for our understanding of the evolution and biology of viruses.

References

Crosby A.W. America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge, England: 1989. [Google Scholar]

Gould T. A Summer Plague: Polio and Its Survivors. Yale University Press; New Haven, CT: 1995. [Google Scholar]

Hopkins D.R. Princes and Peasants: Smallpox in History. University of Chicago Press; Chicago: 1983. [Google Scholar]

Kolata G. Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus that Caused It. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux; New York: 1999. [Google Scholar]

Koprowski H., Oldstone M.B.A., editors. Microbe Hunters Then and Now. Bloomington IL; Medi-Ed Press: 1996. [Google Scholar]

Oldstone M.B.A. Viruses, Plagues, and History. Oxford University Press; New York: 1998. [Google Scholar]

Reid A.M., Fanning T.G., Janczewski T.A. Characterization of the 1918 “Spanish” influenza virus neuraminidase gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2000;97:6785–6790. doi: 10.1073/pnas.100140097. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Sharp P.M. Origins of human virus diversity. Cell. 2002;108:305–312. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00639-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]