TREATMENT OF VARIOUS FORMS OF MACULOPATHY BASED ON DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND A DIFFENTIAL APPROACH

Abstract

Maculopathy refers to a collection of retinal disorders that primarily affect the macula, a small yet critical area located in the center of the retina. The macula is responsible for central vision, allowing us to perform tasks requiring detailed vision, such as reading, recognizing faces, and driving. The macula is highly sensitive, containing a high concentration of photoreceptor cells, which are responsible for converting light into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain for processing. Therefore, any disruption to the macula can significantly affect visual acuity, impairing an individual's ability to engage in everyday activities and potentially leading to blindness if left untreated. The term “maculopathy” encompasses several conditions, but the most common forms are Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Diabetic Maculopathy, and Macular Edema. These diseases have distinct etiologies, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical manifestations, yet they all contribute to a significant loss of central vision, which is critical for normal functioning. Understanding the diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies for each type of maculopathy is vital for managing these diseases and preventing further visual deterioration.