CELLULAR-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF THE BENEFITS AND ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN BREAST CANCER AND STRATEGIES FOR MINIMIZING TOXICITY
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a major health concern worldwide, and chemotherapy continues to play a critical role in its treatment. However, while chemotherapy effectively targets cancer cells, it often causes significant damage to healthy cells at the molecular and cellular levels. This study, conducted in collaboration with the Oncology and Radiology Department of the Republic of Uzbekistan, involved 30 breast cancer patients undergoing standard chemotherapy protocols. We aimed to assess both the therapeutic effects and cellular-level adverse effects of chemotherapy, including immune suppression, increased oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in non-cancerous tissues. Biological samples were analyzed using flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and oxidative stress assays to evaluate immune cell populations, apoptosis markers, and reactive oxygen species levels. Strategies to reduce these effects—including antioxidant supplementation, use of growth factors, and nutritional support—were implemented. Results indicate that these supportive measures reduced oxidative damage and improved treatment tolerance without compromising chemotherapy efficacy. Our findings highlight the importance of cellular-level monitoring and supportive care integration to optimize breast cancer chemotherapy outcomes.
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