ANATOMY AND DISEASES OF THE SPINE
Keywords:
spine, vertebra, intervertebral disc, scoliosis, osteochondrosis, anatomical structure, spinal diseases, lordosis, kyphosis, musculoskeletal system.Abstract
This article provides information on the anatomical structure of the spine, its main sections, functional significance, and its role in human movement. Additionally, it analyzes the most common spinal diseases, their causes, clinical symptoms, and treatment methods. The article is beneficial for healthcare professionals and students, highlighting the essential principles for maintaining spinal health.
References
Moore, K. L., Dalley, A. F., & Agur, A. M. R. "Clinically Oriented Anatomy". Wolters Kluwer, 8th Edition, 2017.
Gray, H., & Standring, S. "Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice". Elsevier, 42nd Edition, 2020.
Bogduk, N. "Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum". Elsevier, 5th Edition, 2012.
Kapanji, I. A. "The Physiology of the Joints". Churchill Livingstone, 6th Edition, 2008.
White, A. A., & Panjabi, M. M. "Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine". Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2nd Edition, 1990.
Schmorl, G., & Junghanns, H. "The Human Spine in Health and Disease". Grune & Stratton, 3rd Edition, 1971.
