CYTOKINE PROFILE IN CHILDREN AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY.
Keywords:
Traumatic brain injury, children, cytokines, neuroinflammation, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, neuroprotection, secondary brain injury, pediatric neurologyAbstract
The cytokine profile following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children represents a critical marker of neuroinflammatory processes and a significant factor influencing clinical outcomes. Neuroinflammation, characterized by activation of microglia and astrocytes, leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β), which regulate neural tissue damage and repair. Current studies indicate that the dynamics of cytokine levels in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid are closely associated with TBI severity, the extent of secondary injury, and long-term cognitive and behavioral impairments in pediatric patients. Developmental features of the immature brain and immune system result in age-dependent variations in cytokine responses, which have clinical significance for early diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized neuroprotective therapy. The literature highlights the need for comprehensive monitoring of cytokines and the investigation of their temporal profiles to optimize treatment strategies for children with TBI.
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