HASHIMOTO THYROIDITS AND STRESS HORMONES: PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Keywords:
Hashimoto thyroiditis, stress hormones, cortisol, adrenaline, autoimmunity, thyroid hormonesAbstract
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common chronic autoimmune disorders affecting the thyroid gland, characterized by immune-mediated destruction of thyroid tissue and impaired thyroid hormone synthesis. Epidemiological studies indicate that HT prevalence is approximately 5–10% in women and significantly lower in men (Weetman, 2004; Pearce et al., 2003). Chronic stress and elevated stress hormones — cortisol, adrenaline (epinephrine), and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) — have been implicated in the modulation of immune responses and may influence the clinical course of HT. This article reviews the interaction between HT and stress hormones, explores pathogenetic mechanisms, and discusses clinical implications with supporting statistical data.
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