CONCEPT, PRINCIPLES, AND TYPES OF ECOTOURISM

Abstract

Ecotourism has emerged as one of the most important sustainable development strategies in the global tourism industry. It combines environmental conservation, community development, and educational experiences for visitors. The main objective of this study is to analyze the concept, principles, and types of ecotourism and evaluate their role in promoting environmental sustainability and socio-economic development. The research is based on a qualitative analysis of scientific literature, international tourism guidelines, and sustainable development frameworks. The findings indicate that ecotourism plays a significant role in preserving biodiversity, reducing environmental degradation, and supporting local communities through responsible tourism practices. The principles of ecotourism include minimizing environmental impact, promoting environmental awareness, respecting local cultures, and contributing to conservation efforts. The study also identifies various types of ecotourism, including nature-based tourism, wildlife tourism, adventure ecotourism, marine ecotourism, and community-based ecotourism. Each type contributes differently to environmental protection and economic development. The significance of this research lies in highlighting ecotourism as a key instrument for achieving sustainable development goals and ensuring the balance between tourism growth and environmental preservation. The results demonstrate that effective implementation of ecotourism requires cooperation between governments, local communities, and tourism organizations.