PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF HAIRLESS MALLOW RAW MATERIAL

Abstract

This study is devoted to the phytochemical investigation of hairless mallow (Malva species) raw material. The aim of the research was to comprehensively analyze the chemical composition of the plant and to identify the main groups of biologically active substances both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Chloroform, alcoholic, and aqueous extracts were prepared sequentially from the plant raw material. The presence of biologically active compounds was determined using standard qualitative reactions, while chromatographic methods were applied for identification and confirmation of individual components.

The results of the study confirmed the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, sugars, and tannins in the composition of hairless mallow. Chromatographic analysis revealed two compounds of coumarin nature with Rf values of 0.38 and 0.54. Flavonoids were identified by characteristic color reactions. The total sugar content was determined to be 19.3–20.0% before hydrolysis and 59.4–60.6% after hydrolysis, indicating a high content of polysaccharides. The tannin content was found to be 3.2% and mainly represented by condensed forms.

Anthracene derivatives and alkaloids were not detected, while fats were present in trace amounts. The obtained results are consistent with literature data and confirm the rich phytochemical composition of the plant.

In conclusion, hairless mallow represents a promising medicinal raw material, and its biologically active constituents provide a scientific basis for further standardization and development of pharmaceutical preparations.