MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects synovial joints, leading to progressive cartilage and bone destruction. Advances in imaging techniques, such as musculoskeletal ultrasound and MRI, have improved early detection of joint inflammation and structural damage. Recent studies emphasize personalized medicine approaches, including genetic profiling and biomarker analysis, to tailor therapy for individual patients. Targeted therapies, such as JAK inhibitors and biologic DMARDs, have transformed disease management by reducing disease activity and preventing irreversible joint damage. Lifestyle interventions, including physical activity and dietary optimization, are increasingly recognized as adjunctive strategies to improve functional outcomes and quality of life. Current research also explores the long-term safety and cost-effectiveness of emerging biologic agents, as well as their impact on comorbidities commonly associated with RA, such as cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.