THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF DIGITAL GADGETS ON THE HEALTH OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND NEUROLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES

Bakhodir Rakhimov, Erkin Sultanov, Zaripov Sanjarbek, Muminov Ozodbek

Authors

Bakhodir Rakhimov, Erkin Sultanov, Zaripov Sanjarbek, Muminov Ozodbek Tashkent State Medical University, Andijan State Medical Institute

Keywords:

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Abstract

Background: The proliferation of digital devices — smartphones, tablets, computers, and gaming consoles — among school-age children and adolescents has transformed childhood environments, with associated health consequences that are increasingly recognized as significant public health concerns. Objective: This article systematically reviews evidence on the negative health impacts of excessive gadget use among school children, including musculoskeletal, ophthalmological, neurological, psychological, and sleep-related consequences. Methods: Narrative review of peer-reviewed literature, systematic reviews, and international health organization reports published between 2010 and 2024. Results: Excessive screen time is associated with myopia progression, musculoskeletal disorders, sleep disruption, attention deficits, anxiety, depression, and social developmental delays. The Andijon region of Uzbekistan and similar Central Asian school-age populations are at elevated risk due to rapidly increasing device penetration without commensurate health literacy. Conclusion: Evidence-based digital health guidelines, school health programs, and parental education campaigns are critical to mitigate the adverse health effects of unregulated gadget use in children.

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