“COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TREATMENT ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS BY TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION AND ITS IMPROVEMENT (A CASE STUDY OF ANDIJAN REGION)”

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most important chronic non-communicable diseases and remains a serious medical and social problem due to its high prevalence, long-term complications, and the need for lifelong treatment. One of the main conditions for effective diabetes management is treatment adherence, which includes regular medication intake, compliance with dietary recommendations, physical activity, self-monitoring, and timely follow-up visits. The aim of this study was to comparatively assess treatment adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus across different territorial units of Andijan region and to develop proposals for its improvement. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among adult patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving follow-up care in healthcare institutions of Andijan region. Data were collected using patient interviews, structured questionnaires, and medical record review. Adherence levels were evaluated according to medication-taking behavior, lifestyle compliance, and regularity of medical follow-up. Comparative and statistical analyses were performed to determine regional differences and factors associated with poor adherence. The study showed significant territorial differences in treatment adherence. Higher adherence was observed among patients living in urban areas, while lower adherence was more common in rural and remote districts. Poor adherence was associated with low educational level, insufficient family support, longer disease duration, presence of complications, irregular medical supervision, and limited access to healthcare services. In contrast, regular counseling, better healthcare accessibility, and stronger family support had a positive effect on adherence. The findings indicate that treatment adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is influenced by a combination of medical, social, and organizational factors. Comparative regional assessment makes it possible to identify local barriers to effective diabetes management and to develop targeted measures aimed at improving adherence. Strengthening diabetes education, expanding access to healthcare in rural areas, and improving continuity of follow-up may contribute to better clinical outcomes and reduction of diabetes-related complications in Andijan region.