PROCESSES OF IMPROVING THE LOCAL AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM IN THE UZBEK SSR (1945–1960)

Abstract

This article examines the organizational and legal foundations, reform processes, and stages of development of the local air defense system in the Uzbek SSR during the post-World War II period, specifically between 1945 and 1960, based on archival sources. The study analyzes the initial measures taken to adapt the system to peacetime conditions following the end of the war, the nuclear threats that emerged against the backdrop of escalating geopolitical tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the defense reforms carried out in Uzbekistan in response to these threats. In particular, the 1949 "Regulations on Local Air Defense of the USSR," the 1955 program for preparing the population for nuclear defense, the construction of shelters, the establishment of emergency rescue units, and personnel training issues are analyzed on the basis of archival documents. Furthermore, the article highlights the significance of the local air defense system during peacetime, as illustrated by the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake. The article is based on an analysis of resolutions, directives, and orders issued by the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR and the executive committees of Tashkent city and regions, presenting new scholarly conclusions regarding the formation and improvement of the civil defense system during this period.