MODERN APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF SEPSIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Sepsis remains one of the most serious and difficult-to-control causes of hospital mortality, despite substantial progress in intensive care methods, improvements in antimicrobial treatment protocols, and the implementation of modern infection-control systems. Recent changes in understanding the pathogenesis of sepsis—based on the complex interaction of inflammatory, immune, and metabolic processes—have led to the development of a new multifactorial treatment strategy. Particular emphasis is placed on early diagnosis, which reduces the risk of multiple organ failure, and on the personalized selection of therapeutic interventions. This review highlights current concepts of the immunopathogenesis of sepsis, including hyperinflammatory responses, immune paralysis, endothelial dysfunction, and microcirculatory disorders. Contemporary recommendations for antibacterial therapy, hemodynamic stabilization strategies, optimization of respiratory support in sepsis-associated ARDS, immunomodulatory approaches, and the possibilities of extracorporeal blood purification are discussed in detail. Emerging research directions related to biomarkers, digital prediction systems, molecular technologies, and personalized medicine are also presented.